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La réforme du droit belge de la concurrence : un nouveau départ ou une opportunité manquée ?

Lois du 10 juin 2006
mardi 22 août 2006. Un article de Dominique Smeets
Le droit de la concurrence économique a fait l’objet d’une refonte à la suite, notamment, du règlement CE 1/2003. Cet article tente de faire le point sur les évolutions au droit de la concurrence et aux organes du droit de la concurrence

 

Par Dominique Smeets* et Geert A. Zonnekeyn**

 

Table des matières

 

 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u INTRODUCTION. PAGEREF _Toc144038727 \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700320037000000

DES CHANGEMENTS INSTITUTIONNELS. PAGEREF _Toc144038728 \h 3 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700320038000000

1.1 L’autorité belge de la concurrence : une réalité ? PAGEREF _Toc144038729 \h 3 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700320039000000

1.2 Le Conseil de la concurrence. PAGEREF _Toc144038730 \h 5 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330030000000

1.2.1 L’Assemblée générale du Conseil de la concurrence  PAGEREF _Toc144038731 \h 6 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330031000000

1. Composition. PAGEREF _Toc144038732 \h 6 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330032000000

2. Statut financier des conseillers PAGEREF _Toc144038733 \h 7 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330033000000

3. Incompatibilités PAGEREF _Toc144038734 \h 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330034000000

4. Récusation. PAGEREF _Toc144038735 \h 9 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330035000000

5. Sanctions disciplinaires PAGEREF _Toc144038736 \h 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330036000000

1.2.2 L’Auditorat PAGEREF _Toc144038737 \h 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330037000000

1. Composition. PAGEREF _Toc144038738 \h 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330038000000

2. Statut financier des auditeurs PAGEREF _Toc144038739 \h 11 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700330039000000

3. Incompatibilités PAGEREF _Toc144038740 \h 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340030000000

4. Récusation. PAGEREF _Toc144038741 \h 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340031000000

5. Sanctions disciplinaires PAGEREF _Toc144038742 \h 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340032000000

1.2.3 Le Greffe  PAGEREF _Toc144038743 \h 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340033000000

1. Composition. PAGEREF _Toc144038744 \h 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340034000000

2. Les incompatibilités PAGEREF _Toc144038745 \h 13 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340035000000

1.3 Le Service de la concurrence. PAGEREF _Toc144038746 \h 13 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340036000000

1.4 La Commission (belge) de la concurrence. PAGEREF _Toc144038747 \h 13 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340037000000

DES ADAPTATIONS AU DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE DE LA CONCURRENCE ET A LA PRATIQUE DU CONSEIL DE LA CONCURRENCE. PAGEREF _Toc144038748 \h 13 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340038000000

1.5 En matière de concentrations PAGEREF _Toc144038749 \h 13 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700340039000000

1.5.1 Des modifications substantielles  PAGEREF _Toc144038750 \h 13 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350030000000

1. Augmentation des seuils de notification de la concentration. PAGEREF _Toc144038751 \h 14 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350031000000

2. Modification du test d’analyse. PAGEREF _Toc144038752 \h 15 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350032000000

1.5.2 Des modifications de procédure  PAGEREF _Toc144038753 \h 15 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350033000000

1. Le délai de notification. PAGEREF _Toc144038754 \h 15 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350034000000

2. L’obligation de notifier PAGEREF _Toc144038755 \h 16 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350035000000

3. L’obligation de suspension. PAGEREF _Toc144038756 \h 16 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350036000000

4. Les engagements PAGEREF _Toc144038757 \h 17 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350037000000

5. Les délais pour le traitement des concentrations PAGEREF _Toc144038758 \h 17 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350038000000

6. Procédure de notification simplifiée. PAGEREF _Toc144038759 \h 18 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700350039000000

1.6 Chapitre 2 : En matière de pratiques restrictives de concurrence. PAGEREF _Toc144038760 \h 19 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360030000000

1.6.1 Des modifications substantielles  PAGEREF _Toc144038761 \h 19 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360031000000

1. Suppression du système de notification des ententes PAGEREF _Toc144038762 \h 19 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360032000000

2. Des exceptions prévues à l’interdiction de l’article 3 §1 de la loi « Protection de concurrence. PAGEREF _Toc144038763 \h 19 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360033000000

1.6.2 Des modifications de procédure  PAGEREF _Toc144038764 \h 20 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360034000000

1. Les compétences en recherche d’infraction. PAGEREF _Toc144038765 \h 20 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360035000000

2. L’échange de données confidentielles PAGEREF _Toc144038766 \h 20 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360036000000

3. La suppression de la communication des griefs PAGEREF _Toc144038767 \h 21 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360037000000

4. La possibilité de prendre des engagements en matière de pratiques restrictives de concurrence  PAGEREF _Toc144038768 \h 22 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360038000000

5. La clémence. PAGEREF _Toc144038769 \h 22 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700360039000000

DES CHANGEMENTS DE COMPETENCES. PAGEREF _Toc144038770 \h 24 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370030000000

1.7 L’Auditorat reçoit des compétences décisionnelles PAGEREF _Toc144038771 \h 24 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370031000000

1.7.1 En matières de pratiques restrictives de concurrence. PAGEREF _Toc144038772 \h 24 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370032000000

1.7.2 En matière de mesures provisoires  PAGEREF _Toc144038773 \h 24 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370033000000

1.7.3 En matière de concentrations  PAGEREF _Toc144038774 \h 24 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370034000000

1.8 Le Conseil de la concurrence et son président deviennent un organe de recours contre les décisions de l’Auditorat PAGEREF _Toc144038775 \h 25 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370035000000

1.9 Le Conseil de la concurrence exerce des compétences décisionnelles en dehors des infractions relevant du droit de la concurrence. PAGEREF _Toc144038776 \h 25 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370036000000

1.10 Le Conseil de la concurrence devient le juge d’appel de certaines décisions prises par des autorités de régulation sectorielle. PAGEREF _Toc144038777 \h 26 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370037000000

1.11 Le Conseil de la concurrence émet des avis spécifiques en matière de concurrence  PAGEREF _Toc144038778 \h 26 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370038000000

DES VOIES DE RECOURS JUDICIAIRES. PAGEREF _Toc144038779 \h 28 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700370039000000

1.12 La procédure préjudicielle. PAGEREF _Toc144038780 \h 28 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700380030000000

1.13 La voie de recours auprès de la Cour d’appel de Bruxelles PAGEREF _Toc144038781 \h 29 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700380031000000

1.14 Les recours en cassation. PAGEREF _Toc144038782 \h 29 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700380032000000

DISPOSITIONS D’EXECUTION ET DISPOSITIONS TRANSITOIRES. PAGEREF _Toc144038783 \h 30 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F0054006F0063003100340034003000330038003700380033000000

1.15 Dispositions d’exécution des lois « Conseil » et « Protection de concurrence »  PAGEREF _Toc144038784 \h 30